Introduction
The B1160 diagnostic trouble code (DTC), indicating "Loss of Serial Data - VIN Not Received," is a common issue encountered in modern vehicles. It signifies a breakdown in communication between different electronic control units (ECUs) within the car's network, specifically concerning the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). Resolving this code is crucial for proper vehicle operation, as the VIN is essential for various functions, including immobilizer operation, diagnostic tests, and module programming. Ignoring this code can lead to other system malfunctions and prevent proper vehicle diagnostics.
Comprehensive Table
| Topic | Description | Possible Causes |
|---|---|---|
| Definition of B1160 | Loss of serial data communication where the receiving module fails to receive the VIN from the sending module. This disrupts inter-module communication vital for various vehicle functions. | Corrupted VIN data in a module; CAN bus communication failure; Faulty wiring or connectors in the communication network; Module malfunction (especially the Body Control Module (BCM) or Powertrain Control Module (PCM)); Software glitches or programming errors. |
| Affected Modules | Body Control Module (BCM), Powertrain Control Module (PCM), Instrument Cluster (IC), Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Supplemental Restraint System (SRS), Theft Deterrent System (if equipped). | Module failure; Incorrect module programming; Electrical damage to a module. |
| Common Symptoms | Check Engine Light (CEL) illuminated; Immobilizer issues (vehicle may not start); Malfunctioning gauges or indicators; ABS or SRS warning lights; Loss of certain features (e.g., remote start, power windows); Difficulty programming new keys or modules. | Faulty sensors; Wiring issues (shorts, opens, or high resistance); Corroded connectors; Low battery voltage; Grounding problems. |
| Diagnostic Tools | OBD-II scanner with enhanced diagnostics capabilities; Multimeter; Oscilloscope; Wiring diagrams; Service manuals. | Incorrect use of diagnostic tools; Lack of proper training; Using outdated software. |
| CAN Bus Communication | Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is the backbone of communication between ECUs. The VIN is transmitted as data packets over this network. A failure in the CAN bus prevents modules from exchanging information. | Wiring issues (shorts, opens, or high resistance); Termination resistor failure; CAN bus module failure; Electromagnetic interference (EMI). |
| VIN Verification | Confirm the VIN stored in each module using a scan tool. Compare the VIN to the physical VIN plate on the vehicle. Discrepancies can indicate programming errors or module replacements. | Human error during visual inspection; Incorrect VIN entered during programming; Tampering with the VIN. |
| Wiring and Connectors | Inspect wiring harnesses and connectors related to the affected modules. Look for signs of damage, corrosion, or loose connections. Test for continuity and voltage. | Rodent damage; Water intrusion; Vibration; Improper repairs. |
| Module Programming | Ensure that the modules are programmed with the correct VIN and software. Reprogramming may be necessary if a module has been replaced or if the software is corrupted. | Using incorrect software versions; Interrupting the programming process; Low battery voltage during programming; Module incompatibility. |
| Troubleshooting Steps | 1. Scan for DTCs. 2. Verify the VIN in each module. 3. Inspect wiring and connectors. 4. Test CAN bus communication. 5. Reprogram modules if necessary. 6. Replace faulty modules. | Skipping steps; Incorrect diagnostic procedures; Misinterpreting test results. |
| Related DTCs | U0001 (CAN Communication Bus), U0100 (Lost Communication With ECM/PCM), U0155 (Lost Communication With Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC) Control Module), other U-codes related to communication errors. | Ignoring related DTCs; Focusing solely on the B1160 code; Failing to identify the root cause of the communication issues. |
| Potential Costs | Diagnostic scan ($50 - $150); Wiring repair ($50 - $500+); Connector replacement ($10 - $100); Module reprogramming ($50 - $200); Module replacement ($100 - $1000+). | Unnecessary repairs; Replacing the wrong parts; Using expensive dealership services when independent shops are capable. |
| Preventative Measures | Regularly inspect wiring and connectors; Protect wiring harnesses from damage; Ensure proper module programming; Maintain a healthy battery; Address any warning lights promptly. | Neglecting regular maintenance; Ignoring warning signs; Delaying repairs. |
Detailed Explanations
Definition of B1160
The B1160 code indicates that one or more modules in the vehicle's network are not receiving the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) from another module. This is a critical communication error because the VIN is used to identify the vehicle and authorize various functions. Without the VIN, modules may not function correctly, leading to various problems.
Affected Modules
Several modules rely on the VIN for proper operation. The Body Control Module (BCM) is often involved, as it manages many of the vehicle's comfort and convenience features. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) needs the VIN for engine and transmission control. The Instrument Cluster (IC) uses the VIN to display vehicle information accurately. The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Supplemental Restraint System (SRS), and Theft Deterrent System (if equipped) also rely on VIN data.
Common Symptoms
The symptoms of a B1160 code can vary depending on which modules are affected. A common symptom is the Check Engine Light (CEL) illuminating on the dashboard. The vehicle may also experience immobilizer issues, preventing it from starting. Malfunctioning gauges or indicators, ABS or SRS warning lights, and the loss of certain features like remote start or power windows are also possible. Difficulty programming new keys or modules is another indicator.
Diagnostic Tools
Diagnosing a B1160 code requires specialized tools. An OBD-II scanner with enhanced diagnostics capabilities is essential for reading the code and accessing module data. A multimeter is needed to test wiring and connectors for continuity and voltage. An oscilloscope can be used to analyze CAN bus communication signals. Wiring diagrams and service manuals are also crucial for understanding the vehicle's electrical system.
CAN Bus Communication
The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is the communication network that connects the various ECUs in the vehicle. The VIN is transmitted as data packets over this network. A failure in the CAN bus, such as a short circuit, open circuit, or high resistance, can prevent modules from exchanging information, leading to the B1160 code. Termination resistor issues can also disrupt CAN bus communication.
VIN Verification
Verifying the VIN stored in each module is a crucial step in diagnosing the B1160 code. Use a scan tool to read the VIN from each module and compare it to the physical VIN plate on the vehicle. Discrepancies indicate programming errors or module replacements that were not properly configured. Ensure that all modules have the correct VIN programmed.
Wiring and Connectors
Thoroughly inspect the wiring harnesses and connectors related to the affected modules. Look for signs of damage, corrosion, or loose connections. Use a multimeter to test for continuity and voltage in the wiring. Repair or replace any damaged wiring or connectors. Pay close attention to ground connections, as poor grounding can cause communication issues.
Module Programming
Ensure that all modules are programmed with the correct VIN and software. Reprogramming may be necessary if a module has been replaced or if the software is corrupted. Use a reputable programming tool and follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Ensure that the vehicle's battery is fully charged during the programming process.
Troubleshooting Steps
Follow a systematic approach to troubleshoot the B1160 code. Start by scanning for DTCs and noting all related codes. Verify the VIN in each module. Inspect wiring and connectors for damage. Test CAN bus communication using an oscilloscope. Reprogram modules if necessary. If all else fails, consider replacing faulty modules.
Related DTCs
The B1160 code is often accompanied by other DTCs related to communication errors. Common related codes include U0001 (CAN Communication Bus), U0100 (Lost Communication With ECM/PCM), and U0155 (Lost Communication With Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC) Control Module). Addressing these related codes can help pinpoint the root cause of the B1160 code.
Potential Costs
The cost of repairing a B1160 code can vary depending on the severity of the problem. A diagnostic scan can cost between $50 and $150. Wiring repair can range from $50 to $500 or more, depending on the extent of the damage. Connector replacement is typically less expensive, ranging from $10 to $100. Module reprogramming can cost between $50 and $200. Module replacement can be the most expensive, ranging from $100 to $1000 or more.
Preventative Measures
Several preventative measures can help avoid the B1160 code. Regularly inspect wiring and connectors for damage. Protect wiring harnesses from exposure to harsh conditions. Ensure proper module programming when replacing or updating modules. Maintain a healthy battery, as low voltage can cause communication issues. Address any warning lights promptly to prevent minor issues from escalating.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the B1160 code mean? It means that a module in your car isn't receiving the VIN from another module, disrupting communication. This often points to wiring or module problems.
Can I fix the B1160 code myself? Potentially, if you have diagnostic tools and experience, but it's often best left to a professional due to the complexity of automotive electrical systems.
What happens if I ignore the B1160 code? Ignoring it can lead to other system malfunctions, immobilizer issues, and prevent proper diagnostic testing.
How much does it cost to fix a B1160 code? The cost varies depending on the cause but can range from $50 for a simple wiring repair to over $1000 for module replacement.
Is the B1160 code serious? Yes, it's a serious issue because it affects inter-module communication, which is vital for vehicle functions.
Conclusion
The B1160 DTC signals a critical communication error within the vehicle's network, specifically related to VIN transmission. A systematic approach involving diagnosis, inspection, and potential reprogramming or replacement is crucial to resolve this issue and restore proper vehicle functionality.